1英寸Cs2LiLaBr6∶Ce闪烁晶体的生长及性能研究

Cs₂LiLaBr₆∶Ce(CLLB∶Ce)晶体n/γ双读出闪烁性能优异,其实用化瓶颈在于大尺寸、高光学质量晶体的生长。本研究采用非化学计量比配比,避开CLLB∶Ce非一致熔融组分区域,通过改进研制坩埚下降法晶体生长炉,并优化温度场和降低坩埚下降速度等晶体生长工艺,从而克服组分过冷,保持生长界面稳定,得到了直径1英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)的CLLB∶Ce晶体毛坯,等径透明部分长度达40 mm,单晶比例由52%提高至79%,可见光区光学透过率达到70%以上。在¹³⁷Cs激发下能量分辨率达3.7%,在²⁵²Cf激发下晶体的品质因子达到1.42,可以很好地甄别中子和γ射线。     

单晶合金激光熔凝过程中晶向对单晶完整性的影响

运用几何模型对单晶合金激光熔凝过程中激光扫描方向与[100]方向夹角ξ变化时熔池内的枝晶生长方向和速度进行了计算,研究了ξ增大时不同晶向区域的分布变化规律.发现随着ξ的增大, 0]区域增大,[010]区域减小,且熔池两边不同部分速度差别增强.根据速度变化规律,构造出了熔池不同部位的过冷区域变化图,说明了可能出现新晶粒的趋势变化,并与实验结果进行了比较,揭示了在晶向不同的交界区域产生新晶粒的内在机理. 关键词： 单晶合金 激光熔凝 晶向 组成过冷     

Problems in the growth of Ce3+‐doped Li6Gd(BO3)3 crystals by Czochralski method

Cerium‐doped lithium gadolinium borate (Li₆Gd(BO₃)₃:Ce) single crystal has been grown by the Czochralski method. Some problems like macro defects and concave growth face were found. The macro defects are suggested to be caused by constitutional supercooling and concave growth face is caused by interface inversion. These problems can be resolved or eliminated through controlling the growth parameters strictly. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Coating curly carbon nanotubes with monocrystalline Zn(BO2)2 and the mechanism of straightening the tubes

We overgrew single-crystalline Zn(BO2)2 coatings on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed that the carbon nanotube-zinc borate composite rods are from tens to hundreds of nm in diameter. It is notable that the original curly tubes were straightened by the monocrystalline coatings. In addition, the crystal nucleation and growth on the surface of CNT were explained. We set a two-dimensional model, which is based on our experimental result, to qualitatively explain the mechanism of straightening the curly tubes by coating them with single-crystals.     

高性能混凝土框架结构滞回全过程分析

基于非线性有限元原理，编制了高性能混凝土梁基于本构关系的滞回全过程分析程序，程序设计中考虑了材料非线性、几何非线性、预应力作用、混凝土裂面效应、轴力二次矩、材料双切线模量场等因素的影响，并考虑了高性能混凝土的特点，程序计算值与试验结果吻合较好。在此基础上，编制了高性能混凝土框架结构基于恢复力模型的滞回全过程分析程序，对该程序进行了试验验证，计算表明高性能混凝土框架结构具有良好的抗震性能。     

Selective Host Molecules Obtained by Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry

Up till 20 years ago, in order to endow molecules with function there were two mainstream lines of thought. One was to rationally design the positioning of chemical functionalities within candidate molecules, followed by an iterative synthesis–optimization process. The second was the use of a “brutal force” approach of combinatorial chemistry coupled with advanced screening for function. Although both methods provided important results, “rational design” often resulted in time‐consuming efforts of modeling and synthesis only to find that the candidate molecule was not performing the designed job. “Combinatorial chemistry” suffered from a fundamental limitation related to the focusing of the libraries employed, often using lead compounds that limit its scope. Dynamic constitutional chemistry has developed as a combination of the two approaches above. Through the rational use of reversible chemical bonds together with a large plethora of precursor libraries, one is now able to build functional structures, ranging from quite simple molecules up to large polymeric structures. Thus, by introduction of the dynamic component within the molecular recognition processes, a new perspective of deciphering the world of the molecular events has aroused together with a new field of chemistry. Since its birth dynamic constitutional chemistry has continuously gained attention, in particular due to its ability to easily create from scratch outstanding molecular structures as well as the addition of adaptive features. The fundamental concepts defining the dynamic constitutional chemistry have been continuously extended to currently place it at the intersection between the supramolecular chemistry and newly defined adaptive chemistry, a pivotal feature towards evolutive chemistry.     

Constitutional implementation of social choice correspondences

A game form constitutionally implements a social choice correspondence if it implements it in Nash equilibrium and, moreover, the associated effectivity functions coincide. This paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for a unanimous social choice correspondence to be constitutionally implementable, and sufficient and almost necessary conditions for an arbitrary (but surjective) social choice correspondence to be constitutionally implementable. It is shown that the results apply to interesting classes of scoring and veto social choice correspondences.     

改善三水醋酸钠固液相变性能的实验研究

三水醋酸钠在凝固过程中存在严重的过冷和相分层。用明胶做其防相分层剂,添加不同的成核剂,来解决其过冷问题。最终找到几种能显著改进三水醋酸钠相变特性的添加剂配方,并发现被加入添加剂的三水醋酸钠混合物被加热到的温度对其过冷度有直接影响,同时从晶体结构方面对有效添加剂的选择原则进行了探讨。     

深过冷Ni-15％Sn合金熔体表面张力研究

在电磁悬浮下实现了Ni-15％Sn合金的深过冷，最大过冷度为265K(0.16T_L)，结合悬浮液滴振荡法实验测定了Ni-15％Sn合金在1368—1915K范围内的表面张力.实验表明，在所测量温度范围内，表面张力随温度增加，连续线性递减，函数关系式为σ_Ni-15%Sn=1316.7—1.01(T-T_L)mN／m.根据表面张力的实验数据，理论计算了该合金的黏度系数和扩散系数，并在此基础上研究了合金的扩散激活能E_D和黏液活 关键词： 深过冷 电磁悬浮 表面张力 黏度系数 扩散系数